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Quds Force
The Quds Force,〔Also written as ''Qods'', ''Ghods'', and ''al-Quds''. From the word ''al-Quds'', meaning Jerusalem and ''Beit al-Quds''.〕 ((ペルシア語:نیروی قدس) ''Nīrū-ye Qods'', or ''Sepāh-e Qods'') is a special forces unit of Iran's Revolutionary Guards responsible for their extraterritorial operations. The Quds Force reports directly to the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei.〔Dionisi, 7〕 Its commander is Major General Qasem Soleimani and his deputy was Hossein Hamadani.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.analisidifesa.it/2014/08/finita-lera-di-suleimani-cambio-al-vertice-di-al-quds/ )〕 Hamadani was killed by an alleged Islamic State attack in Aleppo, Syria on 8 October 2015 where he was advising the Syrian army in the Syrian Civil War.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PressTV-Iranian commander killed in Syria )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iranian Revolutionary Guards general killed in Syria -IRGC )〕 While "little is reliably known" about the force,〔 as of 2007, its size was estimated at 15,000 troops.〔Anthony Cordesman and Martin Kleiber, ''Iran's Asymmetric Warfighting Capabilities.'' Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Affairs. 2007.〕 The United States has designated the Quds Force a supporter of terrorism since 2007.〔
==History==
The Quds Force was created during the Iran-Iraq war as a special unit from the broader IRGC forces. Both during and after the war, it provided support to the Kurds fighting Saddam Hussein. The Force also expanded its operations into neighboring Afghanistan, most notably aiding Abdul Ali Mazari's Shi'a Hezbe Wahdat in the 1980s against the government of Mohammad Najibullah. It then began funding and supporting Ahmad Shah Massoud's Northern Alliance against the Taliban. However, in recent years, the Quds Force is believed to have been helping and guiding the Taliban insurgents against the NATO-backed Karzai administration.〔〔〔〔〔〔〔 There were also reports of the unit lending support to Bosnian Muslims fighting the Bosnian Serbs during the Yugoslav wars.〔Hirsh, Michael; Dehghanpisheh, Babak; Hosenball, Mark. "(The New Enemy? )", ''Newsweek'', 15 February 2007. Retrieved 17 February 2007.〕
According to the Egyptian newspaper ''Al-Ahram'', former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad helped fund the Quds Force while he was stationed at the Ramazan garrison near Iraq, during the late 1980s.〔Nawar, Ibrahim. "(Mahmoud Ahmadinejad: Justice versus freedom )", ''Al Ahram Weekly'', 30 June 2005. Retrieved 7 January 2006.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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